Name: __________________________________________ Date: __________ Period ____

In this activity, you will create an experiment and use the Smog City simulator to run the experiment. 

PART 1: SMOG CITY EXPERIMENT Word version of lab:

1. Access the Smog City web site.
   
2. Select and click on “Run Smog City” from the left-side navigation bar.
• NOTE: Smog City is a JAVA Applet that runs in your Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator browser. For offline use, follow the Download link for instructions on downloading Smog City to your computer.

3. Once Smog City loads to your computer, take note of the following areas of Smog City, including Weather Condition, Population Level, and Emissions Levels. All areas have “clickable” choices. Mouse-over or click on the choices.
• NOTE: in the status bar at the bottom of the browser, there is information about each choice when the mouse is hovering over one of the settings.
  
4. Click the Red “Reset” button.
   
5. Look at all the choices again. Notice how each of the choices are pre-set to a certain level. These are called the default settings. In the chart below, circle or highlight the default setting for each choice. The first setting, Maximum Daily Temperature, has already been completed for you.

Area Name:	Choices Included in the Area:
Select Weather Conditions	Maximum Daily Temperature 80ºF - 90ºF - 100ºF - 110ºF - 120ºF Inversion Layer Low inversion - High inversion - No inversion Wind Speed – Calm light breeze breezy Windy Sunlight – Cloudy Partly cloudy clear

Select Population Level

Population- 0 ½ current current ½ x current 2x current

Select Emissions Levels

Cars and trucks – includes passenger vehicles (all sizes), large and medium trucks, motorcycles Levels: 1 2 3 4 5 Off Road Vehicles – Airplanes, trains, power boats, earth movers, tractors, harvesters, forklifts, bulldozers, backhoes Levels: 1 2 3 4 5 Industry – Manufacturing facilities, power plants, oil refineries/storage/distribution centers, food and agricultural processing Levels: 1 2 3 4 5 Consumer Products – Hair spray, oil-based paints, paint thinner, charcoal lighter, glue or other adhesives, gasoline Levels: 1 2 3 4 5

6. Click the Red “Reset” button to make sure that the defaults are set.
   
7. Click on the Green “Start” button. Record what happens in the table below.

Settings	Health Effects at Peak Ozone Level
Default

8. Turn all of the Emissions Levels dials down to 1 (See HELP for more information). Leave all other choices at the default settings. Click the Green “Start” button. Record what happens on the table below.

Settings	Health Effects at Peak Ozone Level
Level 1

9. Turn only the Cars and Trucks dial up to 2. Leave all other settings alone as illustrated in the chart below.
   
10. Click the Green “Start” button and record what happens in the table below. Continue to change the settings and record the results in the table below.

Cars & Trucks	Off Road	Industry	Consumer Products	Health Effects at Peak Ozone Level
1	1	1	1
2	1	1	1
3	1	1	1
4	1	1	1
5	1	1	1

11. Click on the Red “Reset” button.
    
12. Again, turn all of the Emissions Levels dials down to 1. Now, turn up the Off Road dial up to 2, leave all other settings alone, and click on the Green “Start” button.
• What were the resulting health effects at peak ozone level?

13. Continue the same procedure with the other dials, Industry and Consumer Products.
• What were the resulting health effects at peak ozone level for all of the other settings?

· Which type of emissions had the greatest affect on ozone levels?

14. Now that you are familiar with the basics of Smog City, you are going to design your own experiment. The experiment will involve changing the Population Level and Emissions Levels, choices that humans have control over. The experiment must be typed in the Scientific Method format. The explanations below may help you with your experiment.
• Hypothesis – a question or idea that you might have about the relationship between Population Levels and Emissions Levels. For example; As Population Levels decrease, and Consumer Products increase, there will be an increase in unhealthy levels of ozone.
• Experiment – select the appropriate choices described in your hypothesis and run the experiment by clicking on the Green “Start” button. Make sure to list all of the steps you took while setting up the experiment.
• Data – collect the data from the experiment, including the Health Effects at Peak Ozone Levels resulting from your choices.
• Conclusions – reflect upon the choices you made and the resulting data and discuss (explain) if the data supports your hypothesis. If the data does not support your hypothesis, explain what you think may have occurred and how you would change your hypothesis.

Smog City Student Experiment

Hypothesis:

Experiment:

Data:

Conclusion:

PART 2: GROUP DISCUSSION
Discuss the experiment you performed with 5 other people that completed the experiment and then answer the following questions: (summarize your own answers)

1. Was there any one variable that seemed to have a greater increase in smog than others tested? Which one?

2. What steps could be taken to control Emissions Levels?

3. Can you think of ways to reduce ozone levels?

4. How could a population increase occur without an increase of emissions?